3.6.8 \(\int \frac {1}{x^2 \sqrt {1+x} \sqrt {1-x+x^2}} \, dx\) [508]

Optimal. Leaf size=282 \[ -\frac {1+x^3}{x \sqrt {1+x} \sqrt {1-x+x^2}}+\frac {1+x^3}{\sqrt {1+x} \left (1+\sqrt {3}+x\right ) \sqrt {1-x+x^2}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {2-\sqrt {3}} \sqrt {1+x} \sqrt {\frac {1-x+x^2}{\left (1+\sqrt {3}+x\right )^2}} E\left (\sin ^{-1}\left (\frac {1-\sqrt {3}+x}{1+\sqrt {3}+x}\right )|-7-4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{2 \sqrt {\frac {1+x}{\left (1+\sqrt {3}+x\right )^2}} \sqrt {1-x+x^2}}+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {1+x} \sqrt {\frac {1-x+x^2}{\left (1+\sqrt {3}+x\right )^2}} F\left (\sin ^{-1}\left (\frac {1-\sqrt {3}+x}{1+\sqrt {3}+x}\right )|-7-4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {\frac {1+x}{\left (1+\sqrt {3}+x\right )^2}} \sqrt {1-x+x^2}} \]

[Out]

(-x^3-1)/x/(1+x)^(1/2)/(x^2-x+1)^(1/2)+(x^3+1)/(1+x+3^(1/2))/(1+x)^(1/2)/(x^2-x+1)^(1/2)+1/3*EllipticF((1+x-3^
(1/2))/(1+x+3^(1/2)),I*3^(1/2)+2*I)*2^(1/2)*(1+x)^(1/2)*((x^2-x+1)/(1+x+3^(1/2))^2)^(1/2)*3^(3/4)/(x^2-x+1)^(1
/2)/((1+x)/(1+x+3^(1/2))^2)^(1/2)-1/2*3^(1/4)*EllipticE((1+x-3^(1/2))/(1+x+3^(1/2)),I*3^(1/2)+2*I)*(1+x)^(1/2)
*(1/2*6^(1/2)-1/2*2^(1/2))*((x^2-x+1)/(1+x+3^(1/2))^2)^(1/2)/(x^2-x+1)^(1/2)/((1+x)/(1+x+3^(1/2))^2)^(1/2)

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Rubi [A]
time = 0.07, antiderivative size = 282, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 5, number of rules used = 5, integrand size = 23, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.217, Rules used = {929, 331, 309, 224, 1891} \begin {gather*} \frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {x+1} \sqrt {\frac {x^2-x+1}{\left (x+\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}} F\left (\text {ArcSin}\left (\frac {x-\sqrt {3}+1}{x+\sqrt {3}+1}\right )|-7-4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {\frac {x+1}{\left (x+\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}} \sqrt {x^2-x+1}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {2-\sqrt {3}} \sqrt {x+1} \sqrt {\frac {x^2-x+1}{\left (x+\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}} E\left (\text {ArcSin}\left (\frac {x-\sqrt {3}+1}{x+\sqrt {3}+1}\right )|-7-4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{2 \sqrt {\frac {x+1}{\left (x+\sqrt {3}+1\right )^2}} \sqrt {x^2-x+1}}-\frac {x^3+1}{x \sqrt {x+1} \sqrt {x^2-x+1}}+\frac {x^3+1}{\sqrt {x+1} \left (x+\sqrt {3}+1\right ) \sqrt {x^2-x+1}} \end {gather*}

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Int[1/(x^2*Sqrt[1 + x]*Sqrt[1 - x + x^2]),x]

[Out]

-((1 + x^3)/(x*Sqrt[1 + x]*Sqrt[1 - x + x^2])) + (1 + x^3)/(Sqrt[1 + x]*(1 + Sqrt[3] + x)*Sqrt[1 - x + x^2]) -
(3^(1/4)*Sqrt[2 - Sqrt[3]]*Sqrt[1 + x]*Sqrt[(1 - x + x^2)/(1 + Sqrt[3] + x)^2]*EllipticE[ArcSin[(1 - Sqrt[3]
+ x)/(1 + Sqrt[3] + x)], -7 - 4*Sqrt[3]])/(2*Sqrt[(1 + x)/(1 + Sqrt[3] + x)^2]*Sqrt[1 - x + x^2]) + (Sqrt[2]*S
qrt[1 + x]*Sqrt[(1 - x + x^2)/(1 + Sqrt[3] + x)^2]*EllipticF[ArcSin[(1 - Sqrt[3] + x)/(1 + Sqrt[3] + x)], -7 -
4*Sqrt[3]])/(3^(1/4)*Sqrt[(1 + x)/(1 + Sqrt[3] + x)^2]*Sqrt[1 - x + x^2])

Rule 224

Int[1/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3], x_Symbol] :> With[{r = Numer[Rt[b/a, 3]], s = Denom[Rt[b/a, 3]]}, Simp[2*Sqrt
[2 + Sqrt[3]]*(s + r*x)*(Sqrt[(s^2 - r*s*x + r^2*x^2)/((1 + Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)^2]/(3^(1/4)*r*Sqrt[a + b*x^3]*Sq
rt[s*((s + r*x)/((1 + Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)^2)]))*EllipticF[ArcSin[((1 - Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)/((1 + Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)
], -7 - 4*Sqrt[3]], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a]

Rule 309

Int[(x_)/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3], x_Symbol] :> With[{r = Numer[Rt[b/a, 3]], s = Denom[Rt[b/a, 3]]}, Dist[(-(
1 - Sqrt[3]))*(s/r), Int[1/Sqrt[a + b*x^3], x], x] + Dist[1/r, Int[((1 - Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)/Sqrt[a + b*x^3], x]
, x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a]

Rule 331

Int[((c_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(c*x)^(m + 1)*((a + b*x^n)^(p + 1)/(a*c
*(m + 1))), x] - Dist[b*((m + n*(p + 1) + 1)/(a*c^n*(m + 1))), Int[(c*x)^(m + n)*(a + b*x^n)^p, x], x] /; Free
Q[{a, b, c, p}, x] && IGtQ[n, 0] && LtQ[m, -1] && IntBinomialQ[a, b, c, n, m, p, x]

Rule 929

Int[((g_.)*(x_))^(n_)*((d_.) + (e_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2)^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Dist[(d
+ e*x)^FracPart[p]*((a + b*x + c*x^2)^FracPart[p]/(a*d + c*e*x^3)^FracPart[p]), Int[(g*x)^n*(a*d + c*e*x^3)^p,
x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, g, m, n, p}, x] && EqQ[m - p, 0] && EqQ[b*d + a*e, 0] && EqQ[c*d + b*e, 0]

Rule 1891

Int[((c_) + (d_.)*(x_))/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3], x_Symbol] :> With[{r = Numer[Simplify[(1 - Sqrt[3])*(d/c)]]
, s = Denom[Simplify[(1 - Sqrt[3])*(d/c)]]}, Simp[2*d*s^3*(Sqrt[a + b*x^3]/(a*r^2*((1 + Sqrt[3])*s + r*x))), x
] - Simp[3^(1/4)*Sqrt[2 - Sqrt[3]]*d*s*(s + r*x)*(Sqrt[(s^2 - r*s*x + r^2*x^2)/((1 + Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)^2]/(r^2
*Sqrt[a + b*x^3]*Sqrt[s*((s + r*x)/((1 + Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)^2)]))*EllipticE[ArcSin[((1 - Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)/((1
+ Sqrt[3])*s + r*x)], -7 - 4*Sqrt[3]], x]] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && PosQ[a] && EqQ[b*c^3 - 2*(5 - 3*Sqrt[3
])*a*d^3, 0]

Rubi steps

\begin {align*} \int \frac {1}{x^2 \sqrt {1+x} \sqrt {1-x+x^2}} \, dx &=\frac {\sqrt {1+x^3} \int \frac {1}{x^2 \sqrt {1+x^3}} \, dx}{\sqrt {1+x} \sqrt {1-x+x^2}}\\ &=-\frac {1+x^3}{x \sqrt {1+x} \sqrt {1-x+x^2}}+\frac {\sqrt {1+x^3} \int \frac {x}{\sqrt {1+x^3}} \, dx}{2 \sqrt {1+x} \sqrt {1-x+x^2}}\\ &=-\frac {1+x^3}{x \sqrt {1+x} \sqrt {1-x+x^2}}+\frac {\sqrt {1+x^3} \int \frac {1-\sqrt {3}+x}{\sqrt {1+x^3}} \, dx}{2 \sqrt {1+x} \sqrt {1-x+x^2}}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {\frac {1}{2} \left (2-\sqrt {3}\right )} \sqrt {1+x^3}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {1+x^3}} \, dx}{\sqrt {1+x} \sqrt {1-x+x^2}}\\ &=-\frac {1+x^3}{x \sqrt {1+x} \sqrt {1-x+x^2}}+\frac {1+x^3}{\sqrt {1+x} \left (1+\sqrt {3}+x\right ) \sqrt {1-x+x^2}}-\frac {\sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {2-\sqrt {3}} \sqrt {1+x} \sqrt {\frac {1-x+x^2}{\left (1+\sqrt {3}+x\right )^2}} E\left (\sin ^{-1}\left (\frac {1-\sqrt {3}+x}{1+\sqrt {3}+x}\right )|-7-4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{2 \sqrt {\frac {1+x}{\left (1+\sqrt {3}+x\right )^2}} \sqrt {1-x+x^2}}+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {1+x} \sqrt {\frac {1-x+x^2}{\left (1+\sqrt {3}+x\right )^2}} F\left (\sin ^{-1}\left (\frac {1-\sqrt {3}+x}{1+\sqrt {3}+x}\right )|-7-4 \sqrt {3}\right )}{\sqrt [4]{3} \sqrt {\frac {1+x}{\left (1+\sqrt {3}+x\right )^2}} \sqrt {1-x+x^2}}\\ \end {align*}

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Mathematica [C] Result contains complex when optimal does not.
time = 10.38, size = 400, normalized size = 1.42 \begin {gather*} -\frac {\sqrt {1+x} \sqrt {1-x+x^2}}{x}+\frac {(1+x)^{3/2} \left (\frac {12 \sqrt {-\frac {i}{3 i+\sqrt {3}}} \left (1-x+x^2\right )}{(1+x)^2}+\frac {3 \sqrt {2} \left (1-i \sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {3 i+\sqrt {3}-\frac {6 i}{1+x}}{3 i+\sqrt {3}}} \sqrt {\frac {-3 i+\sqrt {3}+\frac {6 i}{1+x}}{-3 i+\sqrt {3}}} E\left (i \sinh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {-\frac {6 i}{3 i+\sqrt {3}}}}{\sqrt {1+x}}\right )|\frac {3 i+\sqrt {3}}{3 i-\sqrt {3}}\right )}{\sqrt {1+x}}+\frac {i \sqrt {2} \left (3 i+\sqrt {3}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {3 i+\sqrt {3}-\frac {6 i}{1+x}}{3 i+\sqrt {3}}} \sqrt {\frac {-3 i+\sqrt {3}+\frac {6 i}{1+x}}{-3 i+\sqrt {3}}} F\left (i \sinh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {-\frac {6 i}{3 i+\sqrt {3}}}}{\sqrt {1+x}}\right )|\frac {3 i+\sqrt {3}}{3 i-\sqrt {3}}\right )}{\sqrt {1+x}}\right )}{12 \sqrt {-\frac {i}{3 i+\sqrt {3}}} \sqrt {1-x+x^2}} \end {gather*}

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Integrate[1/(x^2*Sqrt[1 + x]*Sqrt[1 - x + x^2]),x]

[Out]

-((Sqrt[1 + x]*Sqrt[1 - x + x^2])/x) + ((1 + x)^(3/2)*((12*Sqrt[(-I)/(3*I + Sqrt[3])]*(1 - x + x^2))/(1 + x)^2
+ (3*Sqrt[2]*(1 - I*Sqrt[3])*Sqrt[(3*I + Sqrt[3] - (6*I)/(1 + x))/(3*I + Sqrt[3])]*Sqrt[(-3*I + Sqrt[3] + (6*
I)/(1 + x))/(-3*I + Sqrt[3])]*EllipticE[I*ArcSinh[Sqrt[(-6*I)/(3*I + Sqrt[3])]/Sqrt[1 + x]], (3*I + Sqrt[3])/(
3*I - Sqrt[3])])/Sqrt[1 + x] + (I*Sqrt[2]*(3*I + Sqrt[3])*Sqrt[(3*I + Sqrt[3] - (6*I)/(1 + x))/(3*I + Sqrt[3])
]*Sqrt[(-3*I + Sqrt[3] + (6*I)/(1 + x))/(-3*I + Sqrt[3])]*EllipticF[I*ArcSinh[Sqrt[(-6*I)/(3*I + Sqrt[3])]/Sqr
t[1 + x]], (3*I + Sqrt[3])/(3*I - Sqrt[3])])/Sqrt[1 + x]))/(12*Sqrt[(-I)/(3*I + Sqrt[3])]*Sqrt[1 - x + x^2])

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Maple [A]
time = 0.11, size = 363, normalized size = 1.29

method	result	size
elliptic	\(\frac {\sqrt {\left (1+x \right ) \left (x^{2}-x +1\right )}\, \left (-\frac {\sqrt {x^{3}+1}}{x}+\frac {\left (\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {1+x}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x -\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x -\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \left (\left (-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \EllipticE \left (\sqrt {\frac {1+x}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \sqrt {\frac {-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )+\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \EllipticF \left (\sqrt {\frac {1+x}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \sqrt {\frac {-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )\right )}{\sqrt {x^{3}+1}}\right )}{\sqrt {1+x}\, \sqrt {x^{2}-x +1}}\)	\(215\)
risch	\(-\frac {\sqrt {1+x}\, \sqrt {x^{2}-x +1}}{x}+\frac {\left (\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \sqrt {\frac {1+x}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x -\frac {1}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {x -\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\, \left (\left (-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \EllipticE \left (\sqrt {\frac {1+x}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \sqrt {\frac {-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )+\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}\right ) \EllipticF \left (\sqrt {\frac {1+x}{\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}, \sqrt {\frac {-\frac {3}{2}+\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}{-\frac {3}{2}-\frac {i \sqrt {3}}{2}}}\right )\right ) \sqrt {\left (1+x \right ) \left (x^{2}-x +1\right )}}{\sqrt {x^{3}+1}\, \sqrt {1+x}\, \sqrt {x^{2}-x +1}}\)	\(222\)
default	\(\frac {\sqrt {1+x}\, \sqrt {x^{2}-x +1}\, \left (i \sqrt {3}\, \sqrt {-\frac {2 \left (1+x \right )}{-3+i \sqrt {3}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {i \sqrt {3}-2 x +1}{i \sqrt {3}+3}}\, \sqrt {\frac {i \sqrt {3}+2 x -1}{-3+i \sqrt {3}}}\, \EllipticF \left (\sqrt {-\frac {2 \left (1+x \right )}{-3+i \sqrt {3}}}, \sqrt {-\frac {-3+i \sqrt {3}}{i \sqrt {3}+3}}\right ) x +3 \sqrt {-\frac {2 \left (1+x \right )}{-3+i \sqrt {3}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {i \sqrt {3}-2 x +1}{i \sqrt {3}+3}}\, \sqrt {\frac {i \sqrt {3}+2 x -1}{-3+i \sqrt {3}}}\, \EllipticF \left (\sqrt {-\frac {2 \left (1+x \right )}{-3+i \sqrt {3}}}, \sqrt {-\frac {-3+i \sqrt {3}}{i \sqrt {3}+3}}\right ) x -6 \sqrt {-\frac {2 \left (1+x \right )}{-3+i \sqrt {3}}}\, \sqrt {\frac {i \sqrt {3}-2 x +1}{i \sqrt {3}+3}}\, \sqrt {\frac {i \sqrt {3}+2 x -1}{-3+i \sqrt {3}}}\, \EllipticE \left (\sqrt {-\frac {2 \left (1+x \right )}{-3+i \sqrt {3}}}, \sqrt {-\frac {-3+i \sqrt {3}}{i \sqrt {3}+3}}\right ) x -2 x^{3}-2\right )}{2 x \left (x^{3}+1\right )}\)	\(363\)

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int(1/x^2/(1+x)^(1/2)/(x^2-x+1)^(1/2),x,method=_RETURNVERBOSE)

[Out]

1/2*(1+x)^(1/2)*(x^2-x+1)^(1/2)*(I*(-2*(1+x)/(-3+I*3^(1/2)))^(1/2)*((I*3^(1/2)-2*x+1)/(I*3^(1/2)+3))^(1/2)*((I
*3^(1/2)+2*x-1)/(-3+I*3^(1/2)))^(1/2)*EllipticF((-2*(1+x)/(-3+I*3^(1/2)))^(1/2),(-(-3+I*3^(1/2))/(I*3^(1/2)+3)
)^(1/2))*3^(1/2)*x+3*(-2*(1+x)/(-3+I*3^(1/2)))^(1/2)*((I*3^(1/2)-2*x+1)/(I*3^(1/2)+3))^(1/2)*((I*3^(1/2)+2*x-1
)/(-3+I*3^(1/2)))^(1/2)*EllipticF((-2*(1+x)/(-3+I*3^(1/2)))^(1/2),(-(-3+I*3^(1/2))/(I*3^(1/2)+3))^(1/2))*x-6*(
-2*(1+x)/(-3+I*3^(1/2)))^(1/2)*((I*3^(1/2)-2*x+1)/(I*3^(1/2)+3))^(1/2)*((I*3^(1/2)+2*x-1)/(-3+I*3^(1/2)))^(1/2
)*EllipticE((-2*(1+x)/(-3+I*3^(1/2)))^(1/2),(-(-3+I*3^(1/2))/(I*3^(1/2)+3))^(1/2))*x-2*x^3-2)/x/(x^3+1)

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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(1/x^2/(1+x)^(1/2)/(x^2-x+1)^(1/2),x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

integrate(1/(sqrt(x^2 - x + 1)*sqrt(x + 1)*x^2), x)

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Fricas [C] Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 4.
time = 0.31, size = 31, normalized size = 0.11 \begin {gather*} -\frac {x {\rm weierstrassZeta}\left (0, -4, {\rm weierstrassPInverse}\left (0, -4, x\right )\right ) + \sqrt {x^{2} - x + 1} \sqrt {x + 1}}{x} \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(1/x^2/(1+x)^(1/2)/(x^2-x+1)^(1/2),x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

-(x*weierstrassZeta(0, -4, weierstrassPInverse(0, -4, x)) + sqrt(x^2 - x + 1)*sqrt(x + 1))/x

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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {1}{x^{2} \sqrt {x + 1} \sqrt {x^{2} - x + 1}}\, dx \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(1/x**2/(1+x)**(1/2)/(x**2-x+1)**(1/2),x)

[Out]

Integral(1/(x**2*sqrt(x + 1)*sqrt(x**2 - x + 1)), x)

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Giac [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {could not integrate} \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(1/x^2/(1+x)^(1/2)/(x^2-x+1)^(1/2),x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

integrate(1/(sqrt(x^2 - x + 1)*sqrt(x + 1)*x^2), x)

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Mupad [F]
time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {1}{x^2\,\sqrt {x+1}\,\sqrt {x^2-x+1}} \,d x \end {gather*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int(1/(x^2*(x + 1)^(1/2)*(x^2 - x + 1)^(1/2)),x)

[Out]

int(1/(x^2*(x + 1)^(1/2)*(x^2 - x + 1)^(1/2)), x)

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